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- JORGE LUIS BORGES
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- THE BOOK OF SAND
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- Class: Spanish IIA
- Date: April 1, 1993
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- Spanish IIA
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- Jorge Luis Borges is a famous Spanish author, known best for
- his short stories. In this paper, I will discuss several short
- stories written by Mr. Borges, what influenced him in his
- writings, and a brief history of his place of origin, Argentina.
- Borges' The Book of Sand is the story of a man who is visited
- by a stranger trying to sell a "holy book" called the Book of
- Sand. The narrator looks at the book and is unable to see the
- first or last pages of it because, as the stranger explains, the
- number of pages is infinite. The narrator is fascinated by the
- book and buys it, only to become obsessed with it, until the point
- that it is all he thinks about. He eventually gets rid of it by
- mixing it up in a pile of many other books in his basement.
- As will be discussed in this paper, Borges wrote philosophy in
- a lot of his works. In The Book of Sand, infinity is depicted in
- the form of a mysterious book. It symbolizes man's constant search
- for the world's existence. Borges is saying that it is an endless
- search and therefore pointless.
- The Other is the story of Borges sitting on a bench, as he
- feels as though he had lived that moment already. He begins to
- speak to the man seated besides him, and finds out the stranger has
- the same name, and the same address as he does. When Borges asks
- the man what year it is, the man answers 1918, even though it is
- 1969. It is then that the narrator figures out he is talking to
- the person whom he was fifty-one years earlier. He then tells "the
- other" him of the future, after which they part, knowing they will
- never meet like this again.
- This story deals with time. The author is very nostalgic and
- lives for his memories. It also is a philosophical story where
- Borges expresses his doubt that we all may "just be an image of a
- greater being".
- The Mirror and the Mask is the story of an Irish king who
- tells a poet to write a poem describing his power. The poet wrote
- a praise of his fighting success, and in reward for the excellent
- poem, the king gives the poet a beautiful mirror and tells him to
- write another poem. In reward for his next work, the king gives
- the poet a mask. The king then asks for a third poem and receives
- a one line poem of perfection and in return gives him an elaborate
- dagger. The poet feels it to be a sin to hear such perfection and
- so he stabs himself with the dagger. The king also feels he has
- done wrong and becomes a beggar in his own kingdom never to repeat
- the poem again.
- What Borges is saying in this story is that should not try to
- understand G-d because he is unable to comprehend Him. He claims
- that "man's quest for truth is an utterly vain task".
- Jorge Luis Borges was born August 24, 1899 to a financially
- comfortable family in Buenos Aires, Argentina. His father was a
- writer, a professor of psychology, and modern languages. He
- learned at home with a tutor until he was nine and began to learn
- English at home from his father, who always encouraged him to
- write. He came from a very literate family, and shared much
- cherished time with his father's books. Borges once said "for
- years I believed I had been brought up in a suburb of Buenos Aires,
- a suburb of dangerous streets and conspicuous sunsets. What is
- certain is that I was brought up in a garden, behind lanceolate
- iron railings, in a library of unlimited English books."(Here, he
- was referring to his father's library) He was also greatly
- influenced by published poets and writers who were friends of the
- family and often visited.
- In 1914, before World War I, Borges' family went to Europe
- where they traveled until the war was over. During these years of
- traveling, Borges, in his teenage years, depended a lot on the
- company of his readings (mainly German philosophy and poetry).
- When his family returned to Buenos Aires, they were greeted by
- a more economically flourishing and modernized (due to European
- immigrants) home. Researchers note that many of Borges' poems
- centered on the older sections of the city, as if he is trying to
- recapture the "essence of a world that was disappearing before
- him".
- By the early 1920's, Borges had joined a group of young
- writers and he undertook the publication of a literary review. He
- wrote in "Prisma" , a magazine of art and poetry. He also
- associated alot with and was greatly influenced by Macedonio
- Fernandez, an "eccentric humorist-philosopher". He was influenced
- by Fernandez's view of the world and of intellectuals.
- In 1924, he wrote for the "Martin Fierro" review, that
- believed in "art for the sake of art". This is where he first
- becomes famous, and in fact, it was for prose and not poetry.
- He also wrote with a group called "ultraistas" who attempted
- to establish "correspondence between sound and color". Borges
- learned there to "reduce lyricism to metaphor, combine several
- images into one, and rid of wordy, 'poetic' style".
- He studied and wrote alot on mysteries of the world, it's
- existence, and how it came to be. A theme of time exists through
- many of Borges' writings (as you can see in the stories discussed
- earlier). Some say the traumatic return to Buenos Aires and his
- shy personality may be reasons for his interest in eternity and his
- desire for control of time. He admits in his poems that time moves
- on, the world changes, that he will grow old, and that the past is
- gone forever. He says that one can only rely on their memories
- (as he expresses in The Other).
- In his fifties, Borges becomes blind, but continues to lecture
- in colleges and conferences around the world. During his lifetime,
- Borges was nominated several times for the Noble Prize in
- Literature. He wrote alot of short stories, literary reviews
- (based on books that never existed), poems and more. Although he
- passed away on June 14, 1986, his writings live on to be shared
- with all generations.
- When Borges was born, Hipolito Yrigoyen headed the Radical
- Civic Union. General Roca was president at that time and he
- defended the middle class (which was what Borges was). Argentina
- had alot of trade with Britain and helped the economy to flourish.
- The people became more educated.
- As you can see, Borges' greatest influences were his
- childhood, familial background, and people he met while starting to
- write. Borges writings are enjoyable and thought provoking. I
- definitely recommend it to people interested in philosophy.
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- Bibliography
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- Fox, Goeffrey. Argentina; The Land and the People. New York: J.B.
- Lippincott, 1990.
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- Borges, Jorge Luis.(Translated by: Thomas di Giovanni, Norman).
- The Book of Sand. New York: E.P. Dutton, 1977.
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- Stabb, Martin S. Borges Revisited. Boston: G.K. Hall & Co., 1991
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- Mc Murray, George R. Jorge Luis Borges. New York: Fredrick Ungar
- Publishing Co., 1980.
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- Alifano, Roberto. Twenty-four Conversations with Borges. MA:
- Lascaux Publishers, 1984.
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- . Jorge Luis Borges, The Book of Sand (New York: E.P. Dutton,
- 1977), p.117.
-
- . George R. McMurray, Jorge Luis Borges (New York: Fredrick
- Ungar Publishing Co.,1980), p. 32.
- . McMurray, p. 127.
- . McMurray, p. 156.
- . Robert Alifano, Twenty-four Conversations with Borges (MA:
- Lascaux Publishers, 1984), p. 7.
- . Martin S. Stabb, Borges Revisited (Boston: G.K. Hall &
- Co.), pp. 4-6.
- . Stabb, p. 13.
- . Stabb, p. 23.
- . Stabb, p. 53.
- . McMurray, p. xix.
- . Stabb, p. 11.
- . Robert Alifano. Twenty-four Conversations with Borges (MA:
- Lascaux Publishers, 1984), p. 61.
- . Geoffrey Fox, Argentina; The Land and People (New York:
- J.B. Lippincott, 1990), pp. 37, 175.
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